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Today I finished chapter 2 of 'German for Musicians', and did the 'Plurals' section on LingoDeer. I now know: how to conjugate regular present-tense verbs for all pronouns, numbers up to 1 million, enough to read/answer questions about someone's background/their studies related to music, plurals, and some basic things about cases!

I read chapter 4 of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction'. I'm planning to read the sociolinguistics book in the same series next, or maybe the languages one.

Also, I was looking at this table we were shown at university last year about time spent on learning Welsh:



This chart uses Dysgu Cymraeg's naming of language levels:
Mynediad/Entry = A1
Sylfaen/Foundation = A2
Canolradd/Intermediate = B1
Uwch/Higher = B2
Hyfedredd/Proficiency = C1

The 'intensive' study category is 4 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 5 years, and the 'leisurely' category is 2 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 10 years. I've decided to sort the languages I'm learning into these categories, plus make up 2 of my own: 'casual' which is 1 hour a week, and 'whenever I have time'.

Intensive: Irish and German. I want both of these to improve a lot before I start back at university again.

Leisurely: Welsh. I would have put this in 'intensive' too but I don't want to risk burning myself out. I just want to keep using some Welsh over the summer since my family don't speak it. When university starts again, I'll probably put this one in intensive (since I'm going to count university classes towards the total time). I'll probably re-do the other languages and their categories once I'm back at university too.

Casual: Cornish and Scots. I'm having an hour-long Cornish lesson each week online, and I look at the Open University Scots course when I get the chance.

Whenever I have time: this category is basically just going to be for anything that takes my fancy that I want to look at, or revisit if it's a language I looked at a while ago. So Old Irish, maybe some Breton, Chinese, etc. I should probably have at least a little look at Old Irish since I'm planning on continuing with it in the next academic year.
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Today I worked on chapter 2 of 'German for Musicians' and did some German on LingoDeer. I think I'm enjoying 'German for Musicians' more so far, although it is nice to have the audio of pronunciation on LingoDeer (and so much nicer to use than Duolingo....) My goal for German is to be at an upper-beginner level before October so I can do the intermediate German classes once university starts back again for my CertHE. I really want to do German but I don't think I have the mental strength to sit through another year of beginner language classes (for any language), they just move so slowly compared to the pace I'd like.

I also read chapter 3 of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction'.
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Coirnis

Faoi láthair, tá mé ag déanamh cúrsa bun-Choirnise ar líne. Thosaigh sé tús an míosa seo (Bealtaine), agus críochnóidh sé tús mhí Iúil. Ansin, i mí Mheán Fómhair/Deireadh Fómhair tá mé ag iarraidh an chéad rang eile a dhéanamh.


Albainis

Tá mé ag déanamh cúrsa Open University faoi láthair. Tá mé ag iarraidh é a chríochnú roimh mí Mhéan Fómhair.


Gearmáinis

Tá mé ag iarraidh rang Germáinise san ollscoill a dhéanamh, mar chuid den Theastas Ard-Oideachais i Nua-Theangacha. Rinne mé an tSínis i mbliana, ach tá mé ag iarraidh díriú ar Ghearmáinis an bhliain seo chugainn. Níl mé ag iarraidh bun-rang i deanga a dhéanamh arís, mar sin tá súil agam gur féidir liom Gearmáinis a fhoghlaim i m'aonar, agus ansin beidh mé ábalta meán-rang a dhéanamh san ollscoill.


Gaeilge

Tá mé ag iarraidh 'Basic Irish' le Nancy Stenson a chríochnú roimh tús an bhliain acadúil seo chugainn (mar sin, roimh deireadh mhí Mheán Fómhair/tús mhí Dheireadh Fómhair).


Breatnais

Tá mé ag iarraidh léamh níos mó sa mBreatnais. Freisin, beidh mé ag dul go Comhdháil Mhic Léinn na Ceiltise i mí Meithimh mar sin tá mé ag dul ag éisteacht le léachtaí sa mBreatnais.

Pondering

May. 28th, 2025 08:57 pm
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I've decided I want to do a historiography module and the intermediate Old Irish module next year, but I can't decide on what I want the last one to be. It has to be either Scottish Gaelic language/literature/history, or one about Welsh translation and the translation industry. It doesn't necessarily matter which one I pick, because I can do the other one later on. I'm on a part-time timetable so I only get three modules a year.

The year after next, I want to do the advanced Modern Irish class, modern British and Irish politics, and comparative Celtic linguistics.

After that year, I want to do minority language preservation, literature as a source of history, and then either the Scottish Gaelic or translation depending on which on I decide to do next year.

But I can't really decide. As I'm typing this out, I'm actually thinking that I'll pick the translation one next year, and leave Scottish Gaelic until my last year. The part of the Scottish Gaelic module I'm most interested in is the history element of it, although I am interested in the language too, so maybe I'll pick the translation module and just get the reading list for Scottish Gaelic.
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白日依山尽,(bái rì yī shān jìn)
黄河入海流。(huáng hé rù hǎi liú)
欲穷千里目,(yù qióng qiān lǐ mù)
更上一层楼。(gèng shàng yī céng lóu)

Machluda'r haul disglair dros y mynyddoedd pellaf,
Llifa'r Afon Felen i mewn i'r môr.
Er mwyn gweld mil milltir yn bellach,
Dringwch i fyny un llawr mwy'r tŵr.
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Seo iad mo phleananna le haighaidh foghlaim teangacha an bhliain seo agus an bhliain seo chugainn.


2025

An bhliain seo, thosaigh mé Sean-Ghaeilge i mí Eanáir, agus déanfaidh mé í an téarma seo (críochnóidh an téarma i mí Bealtaine). Is rang tosaitheoirí é, ach níl mé cinnte an féidir liom an meánrang a dhéanamh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair. Tá mé ag staidéar go páirtaimseartha anois, mar sin tá mé ag déanamh leath mo thríú bliana i 2024/2025, agus ansin tá mé ag déanamh an leath eile i 2025/2026. Níl a fhios agam an féidir liom an meánrang i 2025/2026 a dhéanamh, nó nach foláir dom a fanacht go dtí 2026/2027 (an chéad leath mo cheathrú bliana).

Tá mé ag déanamh Breatnaise agus Gaeilge fós. Tá mé ag déanamh ranganna Breatnaise san ollscoil, agus níl mé ag déanamh ranganna Gaeilge san ollscoil an téarma seo ach téim go ranganna mhic léinn eile. Bíonn mo mhúinteoirí ag múineadh i mBreatnais, mar sin is féidir liom mo Bhreatnais a chleachtadh i ngach rang. Ba mhaith liom rang aistriúchán Breatnaise a dhéanamh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair, agus beidh mé ag dul go na ranganna Gaeilge eile fós.

Tá mé ag déanamh Sínise an téarma seo, freisin. Críochnóidh na ranganna i mí Aibreáin. Ansin, i mí Bealtaine, ba mhaith liom ranganna Coirnise a thosú. Tá na ranganna ar líne. Ní maith liom ranganna ar líne a dhéanamh, ach is fearr liom a bheith ag foghlaim le rang agus múinteoir ná foghlaim i m'aonar. Tosóidh na ranganna i mí Bealtaine agus críochnóidh siad i mí Iúil.

I mí Lúnasa nó mí Mheán Fómhair, ba mhaith liom Albainis a thosú. Rinne mé beagán Albainise cheana féin, ach tá mé ag iarraidh foghlaim i gceart.


2026

Tá níos lú pleanna i 2026 agam, ach ba mhaith liom a bheith ag foghlaim Gearmáinise agus Jèrriais (Fraincis Geirsí).
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Fydda i ddim yn cwpla fy ngradd israddedig tan 2028, ond fi wedi bod yn meddwl am fy ngradd meistr ac fi'n meddwl mod i isie neud astudiaethau cyfieithu, yn lle astudiaethau Celtaidd. Bydda i'n dal i fod yn yr adran astudiaethau Celtaidd, ond bydda i'n canolbwyntio ar gyfieithu.
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Dydd prysur iawn heddi... Ma' gwersi Gwyddeleg Modern a Hen Wyddeleg 'da fi ac wedyn gwers Mandarin yn y nos. A rhywsut rhaid i fi gael yr amser i fwyta a phrynu trombôn.
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Fi'n ystyried neud gwersi Cernyweg ar-lein y semester nesa... Tybed bydd hynny'n ormod o ieithoedd? Bydd dosbarthiadau Cymraeg a Hen Wyddeleg yn y brifysgol a dosbarth nos Tsieinëeg 'da fi'n barod. Fydda i'm yn neud Gwyddeleg Modern y semester nesa, ond hoffwn i ddal i ddysgu hi ar fy mhen fy hun.
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Byw heb Saesneg gymaint â phosib odi fy nod, fi'n meddwl. Ma hynny'n anodd achos dim ond Saesneg sy'n câl ei siarad gan fy nheulu, ond fi isie trïo. Ar hyn o bryd dim ond yn y brifysgol fi'n siarad Cymraeg a Gwyddeleg, ond fi isie dechre defnyddio'r ieithoedd Celtaidd y tu fâs o'r brifysgol hefyd.

Felly, fi isie defnyddio fy ieithoedd eraill yn fwy aml ar-lein. Fi'n meddwl bo' hynny'n le da i ddechre. Fi isie gweld mwy o ieithoedd Celtaidd, ac ieithoedd (lleiafrifol) eraill yn gyffredinol ar-lein, er mwyn gwrthwynebu globaleiddio Saesneg a chreu cymunede ieithoedd Celtaidd.
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Overview with where I am with my language books:

  • Bora Brav - unit 1/7
  • Basic Irish - unit 15/25
  • Gaeilge Gan Stró Lower Intermediate - unit 5/15
  • Intermediate Welsh - unit 13/40

As you can see from this entry, I've only completed one more unit of Basic Irish and one more unit of Gaeilge Gan Stró this month.

Bora Brav has sort of been put on hold while I focus on my Welsh, Irish, and Chinese for university. I'll have my fourth (and final) Chinese exam in less than a week, so I'm going to mostly focus on that and Irish, as I have an Irish speaking exam in the next two weeks.

I had hoped to finish Basic Irish by the end of 2024, but I'm not sure how realistic that goal is now considering I've still got 10 units left, and the next two weeks at university are going to be spent focusing on my speaking exam, rather than a lot of grammar-based material. I suppose it depends how much I get done over the Christmas holiday. I have an Irish written exam in January to revise for, so maybe I can work on Basic Irish to help me revise for that. I could adjust my goal to finish Basic Irish by the time I start back in lessons at the end of January, rather than by the end of December.

I think our lecturer wanted to finish Gaeilge Gan Stró unit 7 before Christmas, but I think we'll only do maybe some of unit 6. I'm not doing (modern) Irish in university after Christmas so I'm not sure if I'll continue with the book on my own; it doesn't hold my attention as much as Basic Irish. But I might go and sit in on other Irish classes that are going on (depending on my energy levels), so it depends on what their progress is with the book.

Intermediate Welsh is also being put on hold for now, since I don't have any Welsh exams this semester to worry about, and I'm half way through my only home assignment.

For Chinese, I might start looking at my HSK1 workbooks, and/or maybe Chinese For Dummies. I'm hoping to do the Beginners Part 2 class next semester, so I don't want to forget it all over the holiday.

For Welsh and Irish, I'm going to focus on transferring my rough class notes from my notebooks into my neater, better-organised revision notebook. Especially for Irish, since that'll help with the written exam revision. I also want to make some sort of study challenge for over the holidays, since I won't have my usual university timetable to stick to, and I find it quite difficult to manage without some sort of schedule.

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i think i'm going to finally bite the bullet and actually do things for my welsh skills to push me out of my intermediate plateau and into C1. my listening skills and vocabulary are definitely what need the most work. i can hold a conversation quite easily, but when it comes to watching things or reading more complicated stuff then i struggle a bit.

i need to find more welsh music to listen to, which might be a pain because i'm not a massive fan of a lot of welsh bands i've listened to - most welsh music seems to be pop which isn't my favourite genre, but i guess i'll see what else i can find. i am a fan of welsh male-voice choirs, so maybe some traditional music would suit me better.

i'm also going to try and watch at least one short video in welsh per day. i'm always being recommended welsh stuff on youtube, but i unfortunately mostly end up watching english-language content instead.

i should pick up a good amount of vocabulary from doing both of those, i hope.

at some point i also need to try to tackle reading academic articles in welsh, because that's basically essential in my field of study, and also i'll probably have to write academic essays in welsh at some point. maybe i'll look through my folders and on JSTOR to see if i can find anything that seems interesting and fairly short to start with.

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Overview with where I am with my language books:
  • Bora Brav - unit 1/7
  • Basic Irish - unit 14/25
  • Gaeilge Gan Stró Lower Intermediate - unit 4/15
  • Intermediate Welsh - unit 13/40

My original plan had been to finish Basic Irish before university started, but obviously that hasn't happened, so my new plan is to try and finish it before the end of 2024. I'm not sure where I'll be with Gaeilge Gan Stró - we're doing it in our classes and I'm not sure where the tutor is aiming to be at before Christmas. At least unit 8 I'm assuming?

And I think I want to maybe finish Intermediate Welsh too? But I think that's less likely to happen. I think I'll aim for at least 20 units, because then that'll be half of the book.

For Cornish, I'll try and complete the next Bora Brav unit.

For Mandarin, I think I want to start my HSK1 workbook and/or Chinese For Dummies before Christmas. I've also been looking at the apps LingoDeer and Memrise, so I think I'll start committing to doing those more often and actually start writing down the notes for them.

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Ro'n ni'n edrych ar y gerdd 'ma yn y dosbarth Tsieinëeg yr wythnos diwetha, felly ro'n i eisiau trïo cyfieithu hi i Gymraeg a Gwyddeleg.

Bhí muid ag breathnaigh ar an dán seo san rang Sínise an tseachtain seo caite, mar sin bhí mé ag iarradh é a
aistriú go Breatnais agus Gaeilge.


《静夜思》
李白
"Meddyliau Tawel Nos", gan Lǐ Bái
"Smaointe Ciúine na hOíche", le Lǐ Bái


床前明月光
Mae lloergan disglair o flaen fy ngwely
Tá réabghealach os comhair mo leapa

疑是地上霜
Mae'n ymddangos bod rhew ar y llawr
Tá cuma sheaca ar an dtalamh

举头望明月
Rwy'n edrych i lan at y lleuad ddisglair
Breathnaím suas ar an ngealach gheal

低头思故乡
Rwy'n edrych lawr wrth feddwl am gatref
Breathnaím síos agus smaoiním ar mo bhaile

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Dyma ymadroddion o fy ngwersi Gwyddeleg yn ddiweddar:

Is cuimhin liom - Rwy'n cofio

Tá mé an-tógtha leis an nGaeilge - Rwy'n hoffi Gwyddeleg yn fawr iawn / I'm really taken by Irish

Tá sé ar bharr mo ghoib agam - Mae hi ar flaen fy nhafod

Tá sé ina phraiseach - Mae hi mewn llanast

Rugadh agus tógadh i... - Ces i fy ngeni a ches i fy magu yn...

Measaim / Sílim / Ceapaim - Rwy'n meddwl

Tá sé feicthe agam - Rwy wedi gweld e

Tá aithne mhaith agam ar Deidre - Rwy'n nabod Deirde'n dda

Tá eolas maith agam ar Londain - Rwy'n gwybod Llundain yn dda

Cuirfidh mé in aithne duit í - Bydda i'n cyflwyno hi i ti

An chéad uair eile - Y tro nesa

Tá sí ag fáil bháis - Mae hi'n marw

Ná bí ag obair go róchrua - Paid â gweithio'n rhy galed

Ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos - Rhag ofn

Ar eagla na heagla - Rhag ofn

D'airigh mé mo chairde uaim - Gwnes i weld eisiau fy ffrindiau

Tá mé go mór in éad leat - Rwy'n genfigennus iawn ohonot ti

Is dócha - Siŵr o fod

Ach an oiread - Chwaith

Ach mar sin féin - Serch hynny

Taobh amuigh... / Taobh istigh... - Y tu fâs o...

Beir le - Cario / Cario ar / Mynd â / Ennill / Gorchfygu
  • Bhéarfadh sé leis ag an ollscoill - Basai fe'n gwneud yn dda yn y brifysgol

Beir ar - Dal / Gafael

  • Rug na gardaí ar an ngadaí - Daliodd y heddlu'r lleidr
  • Beir ar an mála sin - Gafaelwch y bag 'na

Rug sí cúpla - Rhoddodd hi genedigaeth i efeilliaid

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Neithiwr, es i i ddosbarth Tsieinëeg Mandarin yn fy mhrifysgol! Rwy eisiau dysgu Tsieinëeg ers talwm, ac ro'n i wedi cyffroi iawn i fynd i'r wers.

Yn gynta, edrychon ni ar y tonau yn Tsieinëeg. Mae gyda Tsieinëeg bedwar tôn sy'n dangos codi/disgyn/ayyb yng nghywair y llafariad, ac un tôn niwtral. Dangosir nhw gydag acenion yn Pinyin (modd ysgrifennu Tsieinëeg yn y wyddor Lladin):
  • ā - tôn 1, fflat ac uchel
  • á - tôn 2, yn codi
  • ǎ - tôn 3, yn disgyn ac wedyn yn codi
  • à - tôn 4, yn disgyn
  • a - tôn 5, niwtral

Dyma diagram er mwyn helpu deall a delweddu'r tonau (ffynhonnell):




Dwedodd ein athrawes wrthon ni beidio â becso gormod am y tonau ar hyn o bryd, ond rwy wastad eisiau gwneud popeth yn berffaith y tro cynta!

Wedyn, gwylion ni ganeuon Tsieinëeg ac yn dysgu ymadroddion syml.

  • 你好 (nǐ hǎo) - helo
  • 再见 (zàijiàn) - hwyl fawr
  • 早上好 (zǎoshàng hǎo) - bore da
  • 晚上好 (wǎnshàng hǎo) - noswaith dda
  • 晚安 (wǎn'ān) - nos da
  • 谢谢 (xièxiè) - diolch
  • 不客气 (bú kèqi) - croeso (ymateb i "diolch")
  • 对不起 (duìbùqǐ) - mae'n flin gyda fi, esgusoda fi
  • 没关系 (méiguānxi) - paid â becso amdano fe, does dim ots
  • 你姓什么? (nǐ xìng shénme?) - beth yw dy gyfenw?
  • 你叫什么? (nǐ jiào shénme?) - beth yw dy enw cynta?
  • 我姓 ... (wǒ xìng ...) - ... yw fy nghyfenw
  • 我叫 ... (wǒ jiào ...) - ... yw fy enw cynta
  • 中文 (zhōngwén) - Tsieinëeg
  • 是 (shì) - bod
  • 我 (wǒ) - fi
  • 你 (nǐ) - ti
  • 您 (nín) - chi
  • 他 (tā) - fe (person)
  • 她 (tā) - hi (person)
  • 它 (tā) - fe, hi (eitem)
  • (wǒde) - fy

Rwy'n edrych ymlaen at ddysgu gramadeg Tsieinëeg yn y dyfodol. Rwy'n gwybod yn barod nad yw Tsieinëeg yn rhedeg berfau ar sail amser, ac mae diddordeb mewn dysgu mwy gyda fi. Hefyd, mae'r athrawes yn siarad Cymraeg, felly roedd e'n neis i ddefnyddio Tsieinëeg, Cymraeg, a Saesneg yn y dosbarth.
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I was going to call this "Study Goals" or something similar, but that feels weird since I never think of language-learning as studying, since it's more of a hobby to me. A hobby that I happen to also be doing a degree in, I guess.

In this entry, I talked about trying to finish Basic Irish, Intermediate Welsh, and start on Intermediate Irish by the time I go back to university in September. But I'll be going back in just under a month, and I'm nowhere near completing that goal. I've been unwell for a lot of August because of my disabilities being made worse by the warmer weather. I've done unit 9/25 of Basic Irish, and 3/40 of Intermediate Welsh. I would at least like to make a bigger dent in Basic Irish before I go back, and maybe write up some more Irish and Welsh grammar notes into my revision notebook. I just find it so hard to actually learn language when I'm at home and to get things done, it's much easier in my university house.

I've started a microblog on my website to practise writing in Irish more, but I haven't really done anything for Welsh recently. I spoke it a bit with some people in July when I was practising with my orchestra, but no-one at home speaks it, and I haven't had the energy to do many grammar exercises or to really even watch much. I've spent a lot of time in bed. It's always really frustrating how my health prevents me from really doing anything, and it also acts as a barrier to me learning my heritage languages and to being more connected to my cultures. I haven't done any Cornish in ages either, which is really upsetting.

I suppose my goals before university starts back are:
  • Do some more units of Basic Irish
  • Write more on my Irish microblog
  • Do some more units of Intermediate Welsh
  • Make some journal entries in Welsh

I have to keep them vague and not set them too high, because I just know from previous experience that my health never allows me to keep to goals I've made.
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So this year, I'm going to be switching to part-time study due to my declining health so I'm only going to be doing three classes this year (probably. I have to do a certain amount of credits each year, so if I'm splitting that number in half it should leave me with three classes). I'm definitely going to be doing an intermediate Irish class, and I'd like to try beginner Old Irish too. For my remaining class I'll probably do one of the intermediate/advanced Welsh ones, or I might not since my classes are taught through Welsh so I'll still be learning and practising Welsh even if I don't take a class for it.

In addition to those classes, I've been looking at the unviersity's optional night classes. They have a number of subjects, but I'm mostly interested in the languages, and I think I'll probably do Chinese. I've been interested in starting Chinese for a while since it's the second most widely-spoken language in the world, and the language with the most amount of native speakers. My high school taught Chinese, but unfortunately they stopped the literal year I joined so I could only do Welsh, French, and Spanish. Although I've forgotten most of my French and Spanish by now; Romance languages don't seem to click with me... Despite the fact I did two Italian classes at university last year. I also don't remember much of my Italian now, but maybe that had more to do with my bad health than the fact I can't grasp Romance languages. I also did look at French much more recently as I had a brief period when I thought I might study in Brittany in the future, but again, I've forgotten what I learned then too.

I was also looking at the Sign Language classes, but I think they might clash with one of my music groups' rehearsal evenings. I'd like to do it in the future hopefully. Also the night class will get me another qualification at the end of it! And I'm hoping then I can move on to the next stage of Chinese class in the next semester, and then on to the intermediate (and maybe the advanced) ones in future years at this university. It would be nice to have an additional qualification alongside my Celtic Studies degree. And I'm excited to study a non-Indo-European language too! I've looked a little at Finnish in the past, but I've never really properly tried to study a non-Indo-European language before, so I'm excited for that. As well as learning the script. I sort of know the Cyrillic alphabet from looking briefly at Ukrainian in the past, but I've never really tried to learn a script rather than just a new alphabet.

This summer, I'm mainly focusing on Welsh and Irish grammar. I aim to finish Intermediate Welsh: A Grammar And Workbook and Basic Irish: A Grammar And Workbook by the time I go back to university in September (and maybe even start on the Intermediate Irish too?). I know I need to listen to more music and watch more things in Welsh, and also in Irish too. I'm also trying to bits of Cornish this summer, as I have the Bora Brav book that I've started working through. But I'm not as focused on it as I don't do it at university, although I would at least like to be able to say some more things in it without constantly having to look back at my grammar notes and consult dictionaries by the end of the summer.

Hopefully by the end of the next academic year, I can get my Welsh firmly into the C1 range, and my Irish will be at B1. I'm not sure where I want my Cornish to be. A2 is probably fine, but more realistically it'll just be a higher A1. I'm not sure about my Old Irish, I'm not sure the CEFR levels are used for old languages? I assume my Chinese will be A1/A2-ish, since it's a beginners class.
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sto ripassando per l'esame di italiano e ho molte difficoltà con i pronomi, specialmente combinare i pronomi indiretti e diretti, e ho difficoltà anche con quando usare "ci" o "ne". posso capire la maggior parte degli altri noccioli grammaticali, ma i pronomi sono molto difficili per me.
smmg: a marble fox and a silver fox (Default)
i don't think speakers/learners of majority languages realise how non-politicised their languages are?? or maybe that's the wrong word bc everything is politicised to some degree in some way whether people realise it or not i think. but there were students from the modern foreign languages department at our university (so english/spanish/french speakers learning italian/french/spanish/german) complaining bc "how dare our lecturer bring politics into the classroom" but as a speaker and learner of multiple minority languages it feels weird and wrong that politics wouldn't be brought into lessons?? like the act of speaking and learning welsh is inherently political whether i want it to be or not. learning celtic languages means having to learn about all the politics surrounding the languages and their histories and erasure. and obviously languages like english and french and spanish etc are political too, but in a different way. but majority language speakers learning other majority languages don't seem to realise this?? at least in my experience. idk how to word this. i just can't imagine having a clear divide between language and politics??

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smmg: a marble fox and a silver fox (Default)
S.M. Mac Giolla Íosa Gilbert

June 2025

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