Supposedly some sort of Celtic Studies blog

Today I finished chapter 2 of 'German for Musicians', and did the 'Plurals' section on LingoDeer. I now know: how to conjugate regular present-tense verbs for all pronouns, numbers up to 1 million, enough to read/answer questions about someone's background/their studies related to music, plurals, and some basic things about cases!

I read chapter 4 of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction'. I'm planning to read the sociolinguistics book in the same series next, or maybe the languages one.

Also, I was looking at this table we were shown at university last year about time spent on learning Welsh:



This chart uses Dysgu Cymraeg's naming of language levels:
Mynediad/Entry = A1
Sylfaen/Foundation = A2
Canolradd/Intermediate = B1
Uwch/Higher = B2
Hyfedredd/Proficiency = C1

The 'intensive' study category is 4 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 5 years, and the 'leisurely' category is 2 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 10 years. I've decided to sort the languages I'm learning into these categories, plus make up 2 of my own: 'casual' which is 1 hour a week, and 'whenever I have time'.

Intensive: Irish and German. I want both of these to improve a lot before I start back at university again.

Leisurely: Welsh. I would have put this in 'intensive' too but I don't want to risk burning myself out. I just want to keep using some Welsh over the summer since my family don't speak it. When university starts again, I'll probably put this one in intensive (since I'm going to count university classes towards the total time). I'll probably re-do the other languages and their categories once I'm back at university too.

Casual: Cornish and Scots. I'm having an hour-long Cornish lesson each week online, and I look at the Open University Scots course when I get the chance.

Whenever I have time: this category is basically just going to be for anything that takes my fancy that I want to look at, or revisit if it's a language I looked at a while ago. So Old Irish, maybe some Breton, Chinese, etc. I should probably have at least a little look at Old Irish since I'm planning on continuing with it in the next academic year.

(Copi o dudalen ar fy ngwefan)


Bwriadau'r Cylch We Ieithoedd Celtaidd Modern yw:

• Hybu defnydd yr ieithoedd Celtaidd ar-lein.
• Cysylltu siaradwyr yr ieithoedd Celtaidd o gwmpas y we.
• Gwrthwynebu globaleiddio diwylliant Seisnig/Eingl-Americanaidd a thra-arglwyddiaeth Saesneg, sy'n cymryd lle ein diwylliannau ac ieithoedd eu hun.
• Cadarnhau'n bodolaeth ni fel pobloedd lleiafrifol, y mae'n diwylliannau ac ieithoedd ni'n fyw ac yma o hyd.
• Dangos y byd nid yw "cymdeithas cynhwysol" ddim yn golygu dylen ni orfod i siarad Saesneg er mwyn gwneud y bobl uniaith Saesneg yn teimlo'n gynwysedig - yn lle, dylen ni fod yn falch o'n diwylliannau ni, a dylen ni ddangos y byd bod gwahaniaethau'n dda a dylen nhw gael eu dathlu o gwmpas y byd ac ar-lein. Dyw gwahaniaethau ddim yn eu rhannu. Ddylai'r byd a'r we ddim bod yn ddiwylliant Saesneg, homogenaidd

Anghenion ymuno:

• Gwefannau'n unig. Does dim modd rhoi widget y cylch we ar gyfryngau cymdeithasau megis Twitter, Facebook, ayyb.
• Rhaid i chi ddefnyddio un o'r ieithoedd Celtaidd o leiaf rhywle ar eich gwefan, sef Cymraeg, Gaeilge, Gàidhlig, Brezhoneg, Gaelg, a/neu Kernewek (mae unrhyw orgraff Cernyweg yn iawn). Does dim rhaid bod yn siaradwr rhugl, jysd rhywun sy'n fodlon i ddefnyddio'r ieithoedd Celtaidd er y we. Does dim rhaid i'ch holl wefan mewn iaith Celtaidd, ond dylai'r cynnwys yn amlwg ac hawdd i gyrchu oddi wrth eich tudalen hafan.
• Does dim rhaid i'ch gwefan ganolbwyntio ar bethau Celtaidd yn unig. Mae cynnwys eich gwefan yn gallu bod yn fron unrhyw beth: adnoddau ieithoedd Celtaidd, blogio personol, adolygu ffilmia, neu beth bynnag dych chi'n wneud. Mae gwefannau 18+ yn cael eu caniatáu, cyhyd â bod rhybudd amlwg ar eich hafan ar gyfer y cynnwys oedolion. Dyw gwefannau sy'n cynnwys dallbleidiaeth ddim yn cael eu caniatáu.
• Does dim rhaid i chi ddod o wlad Geltaidd. Mae unrhyw siaradwyr a dysgwyr ieithoedd Celtaidd yn gallu ymuno.

Sut i ymuno:

1. Rhowch y cod isod i mewn i'ch hafan, neu rhywle arall ar eich gwefan sy'n hawdd i gyrchu megis tudalen dolennau. Fydd y cylch we ddim yn gweithio os bydd hi'n galed i ddod o hyd i'r widget. <script src="https://twitchcoded.neocities.org/webring/webstring.js"></script>
2. Cwblhewch y ffurf isod ac anfonwch hi at twitchcoded@gmail.com!

Ffurf:

• Eich enw/llysenw:
• Enw eich gwefan:
• Dolen eich gwefan:
• Disgrifiad eich gwefan:
• Dolen botem eich gwefan:
• Ieithoedd a ysgrifennwyd y gwefan ynddyn nhw:

Enghraifft:

• Eich enw/llysenw: Twitch
• Enw eich gwefan: An Celtlyver
• Dolen eich gwefan: iaith.twitch.cymru
• Disgrifiad eich gwefan: Adnoddau ieithoedd Celtaidd modern a marw. Resources for modern and extinct Celtic languages.
• Dolen botem eich gwefan: https://twitch.cymru/images/button3.gif
• Ieithoedd a ysgrifennwyd y gwefan ynddyn nhw: Cymraeg, Gaeilge, Kernewek, English

Gallai fod cwpl o ddyddiau/wythnosau cyn i chi gael eich ychwanegu at y cylch we, achos bod y cylch we'n cael ei rheoli gan un berson yn unig.

Anfonwch e-bost eto os dych chi angen diweddaru eich manylion!

Mae'r .json ffeil rhestr gwefannau ar gael yma. Dych chi'n gallu gweld ffeil .js y cylch we yma. Mae'r Cylch We Ieithoedd Celtaidd Modern yn defnyddio webstring.js.

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(Copied from a page on my site)

The Modern Celtic Languages Webring aims to:

• Promote the active use of Celtic languages online.
• Connect Celtic language speakers across the web.
• Resist the globalisation of English/Anglo-American culture and English-language hegemony, which replace and erase our own cultures and languages.
• Assert our existence as minoritised peoples, whose cultures and languages are still here and alive.
• Show the world that an "inclusive society" doesn't mean we should all be made to speak English in order to make the English monolinguals feel included - we should instead be proud of our cultures, and show the world that differences are good and should be celebrated across the world and online. Differences do not divide us. The world and the internet should not be a homogenised, English-speaking culture.

Requirements to join:

• Websites only. There isn't a way to embed the webring widget on social media like Twitter, Facebook, etc.
• You must use at least one of the six modern Celtic languages somewhere on your site, i.e. Cymraeg, Gaeilge, Gàidhlig, Brezhoneg, Gaelg, and/or Kernewek (note that any orthography for Kernewek is fine). You do not have to be a fluent speaker, just someone who is willing to use the Celtic languages on the web. Your entire site does not need to be in a Celtic language, but ieally your Celtic language content should be obvious and easy to access from your homepage.
• Your site does not have to be focused on just Celtic-related things. The content of your site can be pretty much anything: from Celtic language resources, to personal blogging, film reviews, and whatever else it is that you do. 18+ websites are allowed, as long as your homepage has a clear warning that you have adult content on your site. Sites containing hatespeech and bigotry will not be allowed.
• You do not have to be from a Celtic nation. Any Celtic language speakers and learners are welcome.

How to join:

1. Embed the following code into your homepage, or somewhere else easily accessible on your website like a links page. The webring won't work if the widget is hard to find. <script src="https://twitchcoded.neocities.org/webring/webstring.js"></script>
2. Fill in the form below and e-mail it to twitchcoded@gmail.com!

Form:

• Your name/nickname:
• Site name:
• Site address:
• Site description:
• Link to site button:
• Language(s) your site is written in:

Example:

• Your name/nickname: Twitch
• Site name: An Celtlyver
• Site address: iaith.twitch.cymru
• Site description: Adnoddau ieithoedd Celtaidd modern a marw. Resources for modern and extinct Celtic languages.
• Link to site button: https://twitch.cymru/images/button3.gif
• Language(s) your site is written in: Cymraeg, Gaeilge, Kernewek, English

It may take a couple of days/weeks for you to be added to the webring, since the webring is managed by just the one person.

If you ever need your details updated, then please e-mail again!

The site array is available as a .json file here. View the .js file for the webring here. The Modern Celtic Languages Webring uses webstring.js.

there are 6 modern celtic languages spoken today, which can be divided into 2 branches: goidelic/gaelic and brittonic/brythonic.

the goidelic/gaelic languages:

• gaeilge / gaeilg / gaeilic / gaelainn / irish / irish gaelic / gaelic*
• gàidhlig / scottish gaelic / scots gaelic / gaelic**
• gaelg / manx

*irish has a number of different regional names for it in irish

**scottish gaelic can just be called gaelic, which helps distinguish it from scots (a germanic language related to english with different varieties spoken in scotland and ulster). scots is not a celtic language so it isn't related to scottish gaelic, but nevertheless people still get them confused with each other.

the brittonic/brythonic languages:

• cymraeg / welsh
• brezhoneg / breton
• kernewek / kernowek / kernûak / cornish***

*** modern revived cornish has a number of different orthographies

other points:

• the celtic nations refers to the places where these 6 modern celtic languages are spoken: ireland, scotland, the isle of man, wales, brittany, and cornwall.
• celtic identity is very tied to the presence of a modern celtic language. there is nothing that all of the celtic nations have in common that isn't also shared by some other cultures, except for a celtic language. places without a modern celtic language are not celtic. a large part of europe and parts of west asia were celtic-speaking in the past, but it does not make them celtic now. there is no such thing as a "culturally celtic but not celtic-speaking" country/region.
• (also the hallstatt and la tène archaeological cultures and their spread cannot be reliably linked 1:1 with the spread of celtic cultures, nor can their art reliably be labelled as "celtic art")
• celtic languages and the cultures and histories attached to them are not interchangeable with each other. there is no one singular "celtic culture".
• gaelic does not mean the same thing as celtic. welsh, breton, and cornish are celtic languages, but they are not gaelic languages. "welsh gaelic" is not a thing.

along with scots and ulster scots, there are a number of non-celtic minority languages that are spoken in the celtic nations, including british sign language, irish sign language, shelta, angloromani, welsh kalá, scots-romani, and gallo (in brittany). and near-by on the channel islands, there's also guernésiais, jèrriais, and sercquiais. historically, auregnais was also spoken on the channel island alderney; norn in the shetland and orkney islands; and yola and fingallian in ireland.