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This conversation I had with [personal profile] ysabetwordsmith made me realise that I've never actually looked up a Swadesh list for Welsh before. I found this list on Wikipedia and before I started reading it I assumed that I would already know most of the words because I'm at a B2 level, but there were quite a few I didn't know! (In my defence, I only really use Welsh in an academic context)

I've based my list here off the Wikipedia list somewhat, although I have swapped some words for alternatives I'm more familiar with (these alternatives largely seem to be a dialectal difference).

I also looked at the Irish Swadesh list on Wikipedia to make my own.

Read more... )
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Today I finished chapter 2 of 'German for Musicians', and did the 'Plurals' section on LingoDeer. I now know: how to conjugate regular present-tense verbs for all pronouns, numbers up to 1 million, enough to read/answer questions about someone's background/their studies related to music, plurals, and some basic things about cases!

I read chapter 4 of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction'. I'm planning to read the sociolinguistics book in the same series next, or maybe the languages one.

Also, I was looking at this table we were shown at university last year about time spent on learning Welsh:



This chart uses Dysgu Cymraeg's naming of language levels:
Mynediad/Entry = A1
Sylfaen/Foundation = A2
Canolradd/Intermediate = B1
Uwch/Higher = B2
Hyfedredd/Proficiency = C1

The 'intensive' study category is 4 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 5 years, and the 'leisurely' category is 2 hours a week and will get you to 'proficiency' in 10 years. I've decided to sort the languages I'm learning into these categories, plus make up 2 of my own: 'casual' which is 1 hour a week, and 'whenever I have time'.

Intensive: Irish and German. I want both of these to improve a lot before I start back at university again.

Leisurely: Welsh. I would have put this in 'intensive' too but I don't want to risk burning myself out. I just want to keep using some Welsh over the summer since my family don't speak it. When university starts again, I'll probably put this one in intensive (since I'm going to count university classes towards the total time). I'll probably re-do the other languages and their categories once I'm back at university too.

Casual: Cornish and Scots. I'm having an hour-long Cornish lesson each week online, and I look at the Open University Scots course when I get the chance.

Whenever I have time: this category is basically just going to be for anything that takes my fancy that I want to look at, or revisit if it's a language I looked at a while ago. So Old Irish, maybe some Breton, Chinese, etc. I should probably have at least a little look at Old Irish since I'm planning on continuing with it in the next academic year.
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Today I worked on chapter 2 of 'German for Musicians' and did some German on LingoDeer. I think I'm enjoying 'German for Musicians' more so far, although it is nice to have the audio of pronunciation on LingoDeer (and so much nicer to use than Duolingo....) My goal for German is to be at an upper-beginner level before October so I can do the intermediate German classes once university starts back again for my CertHE. I really want to do German but I don't think I have the mental strength to sit through another year of beginner language classes (for any language), they just move so slowly compared to the pace I'd like.

I also read chapter 3 of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction'.
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Today I read the second chapter of 'Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction' and took some notes.

I also started on 'German for Musicians' and I've almost finished the first chapter. I'm really enjoying 'German for Musicians' so far, it's really fun to be able to combine my love for learning languages with my love for music.

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Coirnis

Faoi láthair, tá mé ag déanamh cúrsa bun-Choirnise ar líne. Thosaigh sé tús an míosa seo (Bealtaine), agus críochnóidh sé tús mhí Iúil. Ansin, i mí Mheán Fómhair/Deireadh Fómhair tá mé ag iarraidh an chéad rang eile a dhéanamh.


Albainis

Tá mé ag déanamh cúrsa Open University faoi láthair. Tá mé ag iarraidh é a chríochnú roimh mí Mhéan Fómhair.


Gearmáinis

Tá mé ag iarraidh rang Germáinise san ollscoill a dhéanamh, mar chuid den Theastas Ard-Oideachais i Nua-Theangacha. Rinne mé an tSínis i mbliana, ach tá mé ag iarraidh díriú ar Ghearmáinis an bhliain seo chugainn. Níl mé ag iarraidh bun-rang i deanga a dhéanamh arís, mar sin tá súil agam gur féidir liom Gearmáinis a fhoghlaim i m'aonar, agus ansin beidh mé ábalta meán-rang a dhéanamh san ollscoill.


Gaeilge

Tá mé ag iarraidh 'Basic Irish' le Nancy Stenson a chríochnú roimh tús an bhliain acadúil seo chugainn (mar sin, roimh deireadh mhí Mheán Fómhair/tús mhí Dheireadh Fómhair).


Breatnais

Tá mé ag iarraidh léamh níos mó sa mBreatnais. Freisin, beidh mé ag dul go Comhdháil Mhic Léinn na Ceiltise i mí Meithimh mar sin tá mé ag dul ag éisteacht le léachtaí sa mBreatnais.

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Today I went to the newsagents and bought a copy of the monthly Welsh-language newspaper for my local area. I think reading the news is probably one of the best ways to improve your skills at a language, as you encounter a lot of words relating to every day happenings, current events, words relating to things going on around you, etc. And you not only get to practice your skills in a language, but also keep up with what's going on. Which is obviously useful if the newspaper is for your local area, but I think also it's useful if you're learning a language of a place that you don't live in, for the sake of keeping up with what's going on with that other place culturally, socially, politically, etc.
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I want to do translations of articles and such more frequently, in order to learn more Welsh vocabulary relating to current events and such, and to hopefully eventually push my Welsh skills out of B2 and into C1.

Original article (bbc.co.uk/cymrufyw)
My translation

'Diwylliant gwenwynig' yn sgil cynllun i dorri swyddi ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd
'Toxic culture' as a result of plan to cut jobs at Cardiff University
Read more... )

New words for me:
  • gwenwynig - poisonous, venomous, toxic
  • mynd i’r afael â - to come to grips with, to address
  • holi - to question, to inquire, to ask
  • hwb - a push, a thrust, a lift up, a push forward
  • rhoi hwb - to give a boost to
  • hanfodol - crucial, essential, vital
  • bygythiad - a threat, a menace
  • ymgynghori - to consult, to confer
  • terfynol - final
  • cynnig - an offer, a proposal, a motion, to offer, to aim, to threaten (I knew about the "an/to offer" meaning, but not the others)
  • uno - to amalgamate, to unite, to join
  • diswyddiad - a redundancy, a job cut
  • wrth gefn - in reserve
  • arian wrth gefn - monetary reserves
  • buddsoddiad - an investment
  • cael gwared ar - to get rid of
  • llefarydd - a spokesperson
  • diwygio - to amend, to reform, to revise
  • gweithredu - to operate, to act, to implement, to accomplish

Overall, dissapointed in the number of words I had to look up, but hopefully the more articles I read, the less I'll have to use the dictionary.
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My a vynn skrifya yn Gernewek pub seythen. Ny wrav vy devnydhya ow Hernewek yn fenowgh, mes my a vynn praktisya. Bedhav vy gul klass Kernewek warlinen yn mis Metheven, govenek a'm beus. Bys yn mis Metheven, yth esov vy owth assaya gwellha war ow honan.

Ny wrav vy godhvos a fedhav vy durya gul an klass Chinek yn mis Hedra. Da yw genev Chinek, mes my a vynn fogella war Gembrek, Iwerdhonek, ha Kernewek.

Ynwedh, my a vynn gallos skrifya yn Gernewek heb devnydhya an gerlyver nag ow skriflyver yn feur.
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Seo iad mo phleananna le haighaidh foghlaim teangacha an bhliain seo agus an bhliain seo chugainn.


2025

An bhliain seo, thosaigh mé Sean-Ghaeilge i mí Eanáir, agus déanfaidh mé í an téarma seo (críochnóidh an téarma i mí Bealtaine). Is rang tosaitheoirí é, ach níl mé cinnte an féidir liom an meánrang a dhéanamh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair. Tá mé ag staidéar go páirtaimseartha anois, mar sin tá mé ag déanamh leath mo thríú bliana i 2024/2025, agus ansin tá mé ag déanamh an leath eile i 2025/2026. Níl a fhios agam an féidir liom an meánrang i 2025/2026 a dhéanamh, nó nach foláir dom a fanacht go dtí 2026/2027 (an chéad leath mo cheathrú bliana).

Tá mé ag déanamh Breatnaise agus Gaeilge fós. Tá mé ag déanamh ranganna Breatnaise san ollscoil, agus níl mé ag déanamh ranganna Gaeilge san ollscoil an téarma seo ach téim go ranganna mhic léinn eile. Bíonn mo mhúinteoirí ag múineadh i mBreatnais, mar sin is féidir liom mo Bhreatnais a chleachtadh i ngach rang. Ba mhaith liom rang aistriúchán Breatnaise a dhéanamh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair, agus beidh mé ag dul go na ranganna Gaeilge eile fós.

Tá mé ag déanamh Sínise an téarma seo, freisin. Críochnóidh na ranganna i mí Aibreáin. Ansin, i mí Bealtaine, ba mhaith liom ranganna Coirnise a thosú. Tá na ranganna ar líne. Ní maith liom ranganna ar líne a dhéanamh, ach is fearr liom a bheith ag foghlaim le rang agus múinteoir ná foghlaim i m'aonar. Tosóidh na ranganna i mí Bealtaine agus críochnóidh siad i mí Iúil.

I mí Lúnasa nó mí Mheán Fómhair, ba mhaith liom Albainis a thosú. Rinne mé beagán Albainise cheana féin, ach tá mé ag iarraidh foghlaim i gceart.


2026

Tá níos lú pleanna i 2026 agam, ach ba mhaith liom a bheith ag foghlaim Gearmáinise agus Jèrriais (Fraincis Geirsí).
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Dyma fy "wishlist" ieithoedd! Dyma'r ieithoedd i gyd hoffwn i ddysgu (* = ieithoedd fi'n dysgu/gwybod yn barod).
  • Cymraeg *
  • Gwyddeleg *
  • Cernyweg *
  • Scoteg (* weithiau)
  • Tsieinëeg *
  • Almaeneg
  • Jèrriais
  • Ffinneg
  • Slofaceg
  • Wcreineg
  • (Islandeg, falle...)
Sai'n credu dim ond 11 fi wedi rhoi ar y rhestr, gallwn i wedi cynnwys mwy'n hawdd.

An chopail

Feb. 9th, 2025 06:22 pm
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Ceapaim gur í mí Feabhra an mhí nuair a dtuigfidh mé an chopail, tá súil agam!!
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Sai rîli yn neud New Year's Resolutions ond eleni fi moyn:

  • Cyrraedd C1 yn Gymraeg (fi'n meddwl mod i wedi bod B2 ers talwm, felly hoffwn i gael C1 cyn bo hir. Fi angen dysgu mwy o eirie, yn bendant).
  • Cyrraedd B1 yn Wyddeleg (B2, falle? Gobeitho, ond ma' B1 yn fwy tebygol).
  • Cyrraedd A2 yn Gernyweg. Fi moyn dechre neud gwersi ar-lein hefyd, falle. Os bydda i'n gallu ymdopi 'da fy mhryder ynghylch gwersi ar-lein.
  • Neud yr arholiad HSK1 ar gyfer Tsieinëeg..? Ma' fy athrawes Tsieinëeg wedi gweud bod rhywun yn cynnig dysgu'r deunydd, felly basai'n neis i gael y cymhwyster.
  • Actiwli trial dechre dysgu Sgoteg 'da mwy o ymdrech.
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Fydda i ddim yn cwpla fy ngradd israddedig tan 2028, ond fi wedi bod yn meddwl am fy ngradd meistr ac fi'n meddwl mod i isie neud astudiaethau cyfieithu, yn lle astudiaethau Celtaidd. Bydda i'n dal i fod yn yr adran astudiaethau Celtaidd, ond bydda i'n canolbwyntio ar gyfieithu.
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Dydd prysur iawn heddi... Ma' gwersi Gwyddeleg Modern a Hen Wyddeleg 'da fi ac wedyn gwers Mandarin yn y nos. A rhywsut rhaid i fi gael yr amser i fwyta a phrynu trombôn.
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Fi'n ystyried trïo dysgu Almaeneg eto... Fi'n meddwl basai hi'n iaith ddefnyddiol i wybod, a fi wedi trïo dysgu hi o'r blân ond nes i ddim lawer :( Falle bydda i'n trïo eto....
smmg: a marble fox and a silver fox (Default)

 

  1. Llyfr Glas Nebo - Manon Steffan Ros
  2. 20 Radical Steps to Welsh Independence by First Decolonising Our Minds - Jim Wingate and Jen Llywelyn
  3. Anturiaethau Tintin: Awyren 714 i Sydney - Hergé, trans. Dafydd Jones
  4. Fierce Appetites - Elizabeth Boyle
  5. The Celts: A Very Short Introduction - Barry Cunliffe

I only read five books in 2024, but that's probably more books than I finished in 2023 (I'm not sure if Llyfr Glas Nebo and Fierce Appetites should actually count since I started them in 2023/2022, and didn't read the entirety in 2024).

I don't really do New Year's resolutions, but I definitely want to try and read more this year. I really struggle with reading longer things, like books, because of concentration/comprehension issues caused by my autism and fibromyalgia, and although most of these books are very thin, I still think I did well to read them. My main goals are to read more in Welsh, and to read more of my Celtic studies books (which are mostly in English), and I want to try and read something in Irish. I have the Irish translation of The War of the Worlds which I'm considering, although I've had a flick through and I'm not sure if it would be too hard for me. I also have the Cornish translation, and, although my Cornish is worse than my Irish, I might find it easier to read in Cornish, due to Cornish's similarity to Welsh. Or at least to muddle my way through. I'm also doing a short Breton course in a couple of weeks, so maybe I'll look for something short in Breton to read as well.

Currently I'm mainly worried about all the snow and ice warnings, which might mean I can't travel back to university for my Irish exam next week. And also exams just make me stressed anyway. But at least it's a written exam this time, and not a spoken one which I struggle with a lot more.

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Fi'n meddwl fydda i ddim yn neud Cernyweg y semester nesa. Ma' cyfle 'da fi neud cwrs Llydaweg dwys am ddim ym mis Ionawr. Felly fi'n mynd i neud hynny yn ei lle, ac fi'n meddwl bydda i'n neud digon 'te!

Nes i dipyn o Lydaweg yn fy mlwyddyn gynta yn y brifysgol felly fydda i ddim yn dechrau'n gyflawn heb wybodaeth o'r iaith o gwbl. Ac wedyn falle bo' fi'n dechrau neud gwersi Cernyweg ym mis Medi.
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Fi'n ystyried neud gwersi Cernyweg ar-lein y semester nesa... Tybed bydd hynny'n ormod o ieithoedd? Bydd dosbarthiadau Cymraeg a Hen Wyddeleg yn y brifysgol a dosbarth nos Tsieinëeg 'da fi'n barod. Fydda i'm yn neud Gwyddeleg Modern y semester nesa, ond hoffwn i ddal i ddysgu hi ar fy mhen fy hun.
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Overview with where I am with my language books:

  • Bora Brav - unit 1/7
  • Basic Irish - unit 15/25
  • Gaeilge Gan Stró Lower Intermediate - unit 5/15
  • Intermediate Welsh - unit 13/40

As you can see from this entry, I've only completed one more unit of Basic Irish and one more unit of Gaeilge Gan Stró this month.

Bora Brav has sort of been put on hold while I focus on my Welsh, Irish, and Chinese for university. I'll have my fourth (and final) Chinese exam in less than a week, so I'm going to mostly focus on that and Irish, as I have an Irish speaking exam in the next two weeks.

I had hoped to finish Basic Irish by the end of 2024, but I'm not sure how realistic that goal is now considering I've still got 10 units left, and the next two weeks at university are going to be spent focusing on my speaking exam, rather than a lot of grammar-based material. I suppose it depends how much I get done over the Christmas holiday. I have an Irish written exam in January to revise for, so maybe I can work on Basic Irish to help me revise for that. I could adjust my goal to finish Basic Irish by the time I start back in lessons at the end of January, rather than by the end of December.

I think our lecturer wanted to finish Gaeilge Gan Stró unit 7 before Christmas, but I think we'll only do maybe some of unit 6. I'm not doing (modern) Irish in university after Christmas so I'm not sure if I'll continue with the book on my own; it doesn't hold my attention as much as Basic Irish. But I might go and sit in on other Irish classes that are going on (depending on my energy levels), so it depends on what their progress is with the book.

Intermediate Welsh is also being put on hold for now, since I don't have any Welsh exams this semester to worry about, and I'm half way through my only home assignment.

For Chinese, I might start looking at my HSK1 workbooks, and/or maybe Chinese For Dummies. I'm hoping to do the Beginners Part 2 class next semester, so I don't want to forget it all over the holiday.

For Welsh and Irish, I'm going to focus on transferring my rough class notes from my notebooks into my neater, better-organised revision notebook. Especially for Irish, since that'll help with the written exam revision. I also want to make some sort of study challenge for over the holidays, since I won't have my usual university timetable to stick to, and I find it quite difficult to manage without some sort of schedule.

你好

Nov. 30th, 2024 11:56 am
smmg: a marble fox and a silver fox (Default)
我是威尔士人和我是大学生。我在学塞尔特学,和我也在学中文。我会说威尔士语,和我在学爱尔兰语和其他语言。

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S.T.M. Mac Giolla Íosa Gilbert

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