Welsh and Irish Swadesh lists

[smmg]

This conversation I had with ysabetwordsmith made me realise that I've never actually looked up a Swadesh list for Welsh before. I found this list on Wikipedia and before I started reading it I assumed that I would already know most of the words because I'm at a B2 level, but there were quite a few I didn't know! (In my defence, I only really use Welsh in an academic context)

I've based my list here off the Wikipedia list somewhat, although I have swapped some words for alternatives I'm more familiar with (these alternatives largely seem to be a dialectal difference).

I also looked at the Irish Swadesh list on Wikipedia to make my own.

English	Cymraeg	Gaeilge
I	Fi / mi	Mé
You (sing.)	Ti (inf.) / chi (formal)	Tú / thú
He/it, she/it	E(f) / fe / o / fo (sometimes a/fa in SE Wales), hi	Sé / é, sí / í
We	Ni	Muid / sinn
You (pl.)	Chi / chwi (literary)	Sibh
They	Nhw / nw / hwy (literary)	Siad / iad
This	Hyn / hwn / hon / y ... 'ma	Seo
That	Hynny / hwnna / honna / y ... 'na	Sin
Here	Yma	Anseo
There	Yna (places in view) / yno (places not in view)	Ansin
Who	Pwy	Cé
What	Beth	Céard
Where	Ble / lle	Cén áit
When	Pryd / faint o'r gloch	Cén uair / cén lá / etc
How	Sut / pa fodd	Cén chaoi
Not	Dim / nid	Ní
All	Holl / i gyd / pob / oll	Gach / uile
Many	Llawer	Go leor / mórán
Some	Rhai / rhyw	Roinnt
Few	Ychydig	Beagán / cúpla
Other	Arall (sing.) / eraill (pl.)	Eile
One	Un	A haon (counting) / amháin (people) amháin (things)
Two	Dau (m.) / dwy (f.)	A dó / beirt / dhá
Three	Tri (m.) / tair (f.)	A trí / triúr / trí
Four	Pedwar (m.) / pedair (f.)	A ceathair / ceathrar / ceithre
Five	Pump	A cúig / cúigear / cúig
Big	Mawr	Mór
Long	Hir	Fada
Wide	Llydan	Leathan
Thick	Tew	Tiubh
Heavy	Trwm	Trom
Small	Bach / bychan	Beag
Short	Byr	Gearr
Narrow	Cul	Caol / cúng
Thin	Tenau	Caol / tanaí
Woman	Menyw / dynes / gwraig	Bean
Man	Dyn / gŵr	Fear
Person	Person	Duine
Child	Plentyn	Páiste
Wife	Gwraig	Bean chéile
Husband	Gŵr	Fear céile
Mother	Mam	Máthair / mam / mamaí
Father	Tad	Athair / daid / daidí
Animal	Anifail	Ainmhí
Fish	Pysgodyn	Iasc
Bird	Aderyn	Éan
Dog	Ci	Madra
Louse	Lleuen	Míol / míol cnis
Snake	Neidr	Nathair
Worm	Mwydyn / pryf / abwyd	Péist
Tree	Coeden	Crann
Forest	Fforest / coedwig	Foraois
Stick	Ffon	Cipín / bata / maide
Fruit	Ffrwyth	Toradh
Seed	Gronyn / grawn / haden / had	Síol
Leaf	Deilen	Duilleog / duille
Root	Gwreiddyn / gwraidd	Fréamh
Bark	Rhisgl	Coirt
Flower	Blodyn	Bláth
Grass	Glaswellt	Féar
Rope	Rheffyn / rhaff	Rópa / téad
Skin	Croen	Craiceann
Meat	Cig	Feoil
Blood	Gwaed	Fuil
Bone	Asgwrn	Cnámh
Fat	Braster / saim	Saill
Egg	Wy	Ubh
Horn	Corn	Adharc (on animal) / corn (instrument)
Tail	Cynffon	Eireaball
Feather	Pluen	Cleite
Hair	Blew / gwallt	Gruaig
Head	Pen	Ceann
Ear	Clust	Cluas
Eye	Llygad	Súil
Nose	Trwyn	Srón
Mouth	Ceg	Béal
Tooth	Dant	Fiacail
Tongue	Tafod	Teanga
Nail	Ewin / gewin	Ionga
Foot	Troed	Cos
Leg	Coed	Cos
Knee	Pen-glin / glin	Glúin
Hand	Llaw	Lámh
Wing	Adain / asgell	Sciathán
Stomach	Bol / bola	Bolg
Guts	Coluddion / perfeddion	Inní / putóga
Neck	Gwddf / gwddwg / mwngwl	Muineál
Back	Cefn	Droim
Breast	Bron	Cíoch
Heart	Calon	Croí
Liver	Afu / iau	Ae
To drink	Yfed	Ól
To eat	Bwyta	Ith
To bite	Brathu / cnoi (chew)	Greim a bhaint as
To suck	Sugno	Súigh / diúl
To spit	Poeri	Seile a chaitheamh
To vomit	Chwydu / cyfogi	Cuir amach
To blow	Chwythu	Séid
To breathe	Anadlu	Análaigh
To laugh	Chwerthin	Bheith ag gáire / gáire a dhéanamh
To see	Gweld	Feic
To hear	Clywed	Clois
To know	Gwybod (information) / adnabod (person)	A fhios a bheith agat (information) / aithne a bheith agat ar (person)
To think	Meddwl	Meas / ceap / síl / smaoinigh
To smell	Arogli / clywed	Bolaigh
To fear	Ofni / bod ofni arnat	Eagla a bheith ort
To sleep	Cysgu	Codail / bheith i do chodladh
To live	Byw	Mair / bheith i do chónaí
To die	Marw	Bás a fháil
To kill	Lladd	Maraigh
To fight	Ymladd / brwydro	Troid / bheith ag troid
To hunt	Hela	Seilg / fiach
To hit	Bwrw / taro	Buail
To cut	Torri	Gearr / bearr
To split	Hollti	Roinn / scoilt
To stab	Gwanu / brathu	Sáigh / rop
To scratch	Crafu / sgrapo	Scríob / tochais (scratch itch)
To dig	Cloddio / palu	Tochail / bain
To swim	Nofio	Snámh
To fly	Hedfan	Eitil
To walk	Cerdded	Siúil
To come	Dod	Tar
To lie	Gorwedd	Luigh (síos) (lie down) / bheith i do luí (be in a lying position)
To sit	Eistedd	Suigh (síos) (sit down) / bheith i do shuí (be in a sitting position)
To stand	Sefyll	Seas (suas) (stand up) / bheith i so sheasamh (be in a standing position)
To turn	Troi	Cas
To fall	Cwympo / disgyn / syrthio	Tit
To give	Rhoi	Tabhair
To hold	Dal	Coinnigh
To squeeze	Gwasgu	Fáisc
To rub	Rhwto / rhwbio	Cuimil
To wash	Golchi	Nigh
To wipe	Sychu / mopio	Cuimil / glan
To pull	Tynnu	Tarraing
To push	Gwthio	Brúigh
To throw	Taflu	Caith
To tie	Clymu	Ceangail
To sew	Gwnïo	Fuaigh
To count	Rhifo / cyfri	Áirigh / cuntais / comhair
To say	Dweud / gweud	Abair
To sing	Canu	Can
To float	Arnofio	Bheith ar snámh / bheith ar barr uisce
To flow	Llifo	Rith / snigh / sruth
To freeze	Rhewi	Reoigh / sioc
To swell	Chwyddo	At
To play	Chwarae / canu (instrument)	Imir / seinm (instrument)
Sun	Haul	Grian
Moon	Lleuad	Gealach
Star	Seren	Réalta
Water	Dŵr	Uisce
River	Afon	Abhainn
Lake	Llyn	Loch
Sea	Môr	Muir / farraige
Salt	Halen	Salann
Stone	Carreg / maen	Cloch
Sand	Tywod	Gaineamh
Dust	Llwch	Dusta / deannach
Earth	Daear / pridd	Cré
Cloud	Cwmwl	Scamall / néal
Fog	Niwl	Ceo
Sky	Awyr (air) / wybren	Spéir
Wind	Gwynt	Gaoth
Snow	Eira	Sneachta
Ice	Iâ	Oighear
Smoke	Mwg	Deatach / toit
Fire	Tân	Tine
Ash	Lludw	Luaith
To burn	Llosgi	Dóigh / loisc
Road	Ffordd / heol	Bóthar
Mountain	Mynydd	Sliabh
Red	Coch / cochion (pl.)	Rua / dearg
Green	Glas / gleision (pl.) / gwyrdd (m.) / gwerdd (f.)	Glas
Yellow	Melyn (m.) / melen (f.)	Buí
White	Gwyn (m.) / gwen (f.)	Bán
Black	Du / duon (pl.)	Dubh
Night	Nos	Oíche
Day	Dydd (daylight period) / diwrnod (period of 24 hours)	Lá
Year	Blwyddyn / blynedd (amount of years) / blwydd (with age)	Bliain
Warm	Twym / cynnes	Te
Cold	Oer	Fuar
Full	Llawn	Lán
New	Newydd	Nua
Old	Hen	Sean
Good	Da	Maith
Bad	Gwael / drwg	Old, droch
Rotten	Pwdr	Lofa
Dirty	Brwnt	Salach
Straight	Syth	Díreach
Round	Crwn / rownd	Cruinn
Sharp	Llym / miniog / awchlym	Géar / faobhrach
Blunt	Pŵl	Maol
Smooth	Llyfn	Mín
Wet	Gwlyb	Fliuch
Dry	Sych	Tirim
Correct	Cywir / iawn	Ceart
Near	Agos / ger	Gar do / in aice le
Far	Pell	I bhfad
Right	De	Ar dheis
Left	Chwith	Ar chlé
At	At / wrth	Ag
In	Yn / mewn	I
With	Gyda / efo / gan / â	Le
And	A	Agus
If	Os / pe / a	Má
Because	Achos / oherwydd	Mar
Name	Enw	Ainm